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Fed meeting live updates: FOMC holds rates steady as oil prices soar

The Bureau of Labor Statistics published new consumer price index data last Wednesday, showing the inflation rate held steady at 2.4% in February as expected. Core inflation, which excludes volatile food and energy prices, also held steady at 2.5%.

However, that report was based on data mainly gathered before the start of the Iran war, which could heat up inflation and jeopardize progress toward the 2% goal. Economists expect to see the effects of the oil shock from the Iran war as soon as the next report.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics published new consumer price index data last Wednesday, showing the inflation rate held steady at 2.4% in February as expected. Core inflation, which excludes volatile food and energy prices, also held steady at 2.5%.

However, that report was based on data mainly gathered before the start of the Iran war, which could heat up inflation and jeopardize progress toward the 2% goal. Economists expect to see the effects of the oil shock from the Iran war as soon as the next report.

Oil prices remain elevated as the Strait of Hormuz remains largely closed off. Gas prices are up from a month ago, and there are other factors affecting what consumers pay at the pump, such as higher demand in the spring.

Alexandra Wilson-Elizondo, global co-chief investment officer of multi-asset solutions at Goldman Sachs Asset Management, said February data “was collected before the conflict in Iran sent crude oil surging roughly 30%, with natural gas, aluminum, fertilizer, freight rates, and shipping insurance moving higher with it.”

“The Strait of Hormuz remains the wildcard, and if disruption is sustained, the inflation improvement embedded in today’s print could reverse quickly,” Wilson-Elizondo said in commentary following the CPI report.




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Kalshi may be more useful than some traditional economic forecasting methods, Fed researchers find

Kalshi may be good for more than just making a quick buck.

A new research paper published by a trio of Federal Reserve economists suggests that the prediction market platform is a useful method for measuring macroeconomic expectations — and it may even be better than some traditional methods.

“Our results suggest that Kalshi markets provide a high-frequency, continuously updated, distributionally rich benchmark that is valuable to both researchers and policymakers,” the researchers wrote.

The researchers found that Kalshi actually beat traditional methods for two different purposes.

The first was on forecasting inflation. The researchers found that when it comes to headline consumer price index (CPI), Kalshi’s expectations represented a “statistically significant improvement” over the Bloomberg consensus, an oft-cited aggregation of financial analysis forecasts.

The second was on predicting Fed rate decisions. The researchers found that the median and mode of Kalshi’s prediction markets have a “perfect forecast record” on the day before the Fed meeting, which is a “statistically significant improvement” over Fed Funds futures.

Kalshi is also useful because it provides real-time responses to events, offering more up-to-date information than typical survey and forecasting methods, according to the researchers.

The paper was greeted as welcome news by Kalshi, which has long pitched itself as a source of useful information about future events, rather than just a betting platform. CEO Tarek Mansour touted the paper on X on Wednesday.

“The Federal Reserve just put out an incredible paper about Kalshi’s data,” Mansour wrote.

Investors have been on the hunt for reliable economic events forecasting tools recently, as the reliability of government data has repeatedly been called into question.

Now they may be able to ascertain valuable information from a platform that has achieved undeniable popularity. Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon revealed in January that the bank is considering an expansion into prediction markets, which may compel similar institutions to do the same

The paper comes as public scrutiny of prediction markets like Kalshi and Polymarket picks up, with lawmakers raising concerns about potential insider trading and the proliferation of gambling.




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What leading voices in economics and business are saying about Kevin Warsh’s nomination as Fed chair

  • Kevin Warsh has been nominated by President Donald Trump to become the Federal Reserve chair.
  • The reaction from key voices in economics and business poured in soon after the announcement.
  • Most people agree that Warsh is a qualified pick, while some have concerns about his track record.

President Donald Trump has chosen Kevin Warsh, a former bank executive and central bank governor, to lead the Federal Reserve.

Within minutes of the nomination, reactions started pouring in from prominent economists and business leaders.

Here are what some of the leading voices in economics and business are saying.

Mohamed El-Erian

Mohamed El-Erian is one of the most prominent voices in global markets and economics.

Nordin Catic/Getty Images For The Cambridge Union

The renowned economist Mohamed El-Erian congratulated Warsh on his nomination to lead the Fed.

“Having observed and interacted with Kevin during his prior tenure as Fed Governor, in academia, and as a fellow member of the Group of Thirty (G-30), I believe he brings a strong mix of deep expertise, broad experience, and sharp communication skills,” El-Erian wrote in a post on X.

“His commitment to reforming and modernizing the Fed bodes well for enhancing policy effectiveness and protecting the institution’s political independence.”

Earlier in January, El-Erian wrote on X that the Department of Justice probe into Jerome Powell could undermine the “credibility of a Fed whose public standing is already fragile.”

Jason Furman


Jason Furman, American economist and professor at the Harvard Kennedy School, speaks to an audience while seated.

Jason Furman, a Harvard economist and former chair of President Barack Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers

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Jason Furman, a Harvard economist and former top economist to President Barack Obama, wrote on X that “Warsh is well above the bar on both substance and independence to be Chair of the Federal Reserve.”

“The Senate should ask tough questions about his independence & President Trump should reduce the threat to it. Hopefully that will make it clear Warsh should be confirmed,” he wrote.

“Warsh has a range of views that would not have led me to recommend a Democratic President nominate him as Federal Reserve Chair,” Furman added. “I would be thrilled if he ends up conducting himself over the next four years in a way that would make a President of any party want to reappoint him.”

Joseph Brusuelas

Joseph Brusuelas, principal and chief economist for RSM US LLP, said Warsh meets the bar to lead the Fed, but he should be questioned on central bank independence and reform, as well as on reducing the Fed’s balance sheet.

“Moreover, he should be challenged to how he would respond in a financial crisis given his public track record of focusing on inflation risk during a time of rising unemployment and deflation during the early portion of the Great Financial crisis,” Brusuelas wrote on X.

“Warsh has a range of views and track record that presents significant concerns about how he would proceed during a financial and economic crisis. I would not have recommended him but he is qualified for the job,” he added.

Robin Brooks


Robin Brooks, former Institute of International Finance chief economist and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution speaks on a panel against a blue backdrop.

Robin Brooks, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.

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Robin Brooks, senior fellow at Brookings, said in an X post that Warsh “is a really good pick for Fed Chair and known as a hawk.”

He did, however, note the muted market reaction in the minutes after the announcement.

“But markets are asking themselves what was promised to get the nod, which is why the Dollar – after its huge decline in recent days – isn’t managing to rally on what should be good news,” said Brooks, who was also a managing director and chief economist at the Institute of International Finance.

Paul Krugman


Paul Krugman, economist and winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, speaks at a panel against a grey backdrop.

Paul Krugman was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in economics.

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Paul Krugman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist and research professor at the City University of New York’s Graduate Center, criticized Warsh’s nomination.

He wrote in a post on his Substack: “As I write this, many media reports are describing Warsh as a monetary hawk. That’s a category error. Warsh is a political animal. He calls for tight money and opposes any attempt to boost the economy when Democrats hold the White House.”

Krugman cited Warsh’s track record as a member of the Federal Reserve Board, saying he had “argued strenuously against the Fed’s efforts to boost the economy.”

“It’s a humiliating day for the Federal Reserve, which has always prided itself on its professionalism and has been hugely respected around the world. But even the Fed can’t insulate itself from the derangement sweeping America,” he added.

Sonali Basak

Sonali Basak, the chief investment strategist for iCapital and a former Bloomberg anchor, wrote on X: “Between Bessent & Warsh, you have two proteges of Stanley Druckenmiller in the most powerful finance posts in government.”

Warsh is a partner at billionaire Druckenmiller’s Duquesne Family Office LLC.

George Osborne


George Osborne, head of OpenAI for Countries and former UK chancellor, gestures while speaking to a person turned away from the camera.

George Osborne leads the OpenAI for Countries program.

Jack Taylor/Getty Images for SXSW London

George Osborne, the UK’s former Chancellor of the Exchequer, praised Trump’s decision to nominate Warsh as Fed chair.

“Kevin Warsh is an excellent choice as Chair of the Fed – smart, serious, experienced, knows the new economy as well as the old,” Osborne, who leads OpenAI for Countries, wrote in a post on X.

“I’ve been fortunate enough to know him for more than twenty years and this is the job he was put on earth to do. The world feels a little safer – and more prosperous – today,” he added.

Alan Howard

Howard, the billionaire founder of $33 billion macro hedge fund Brevan Howard, called Warsh an “outstanding choice for Fed Chair.”

“I’ve known him for more than 20 years, and his judgment, integrity, and depth of experience will make him an exceptional leader of the Federal Reserve,” Howard said in a statement sent to Business Insider.

Raphael Bostic


Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic

Raphael Bostic leads the Atlanta Fed.

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Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic is optimistic about Warsh’s nomination. He told CNBC’s ‘Squawk Box‘ Friday that the nominee has a reputation for being “quite thoughtful” and “is someone you can really engage with.”

He added that the central bank’s independence is “always something that we need to protect.” He expects to see more “differing perspectives” on the FOMC if Warsh steps into the role, but it’s too early to tell how monetary policy could change.

“Every chair comes with its view of how the world is and how they think it is going to evolve,” Bostic said. “But, ultimately, the institution’s actions require the votes of twelve people at one time.”

Mark Zandi


Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Analytics, sits onstage at a panel against a backdrop which reads 'Prudential' and 'Yahoo Finance'.

Mark Zandi is chief economist at Moody’s Analytics.

Cindy Ord/Getty Images for Yahoo

Mark Zandi, the top economist at Moody’s Analytics, wrote on X that Warsh was a “reasonable choice”.

Zandi said Warsh’s stint on the Fed and experience as an investment banker mean he “knows the institution and everyone in global central banking circles ” and is “well-versed in financial markets.”

However, Zandi said the key question is whether the former Wall Streeter will be able to keep politics out of interest rate decisions.

“Warsh’s ostensible views on the use of the Fed’s balance sheet or its data dependency are quirky, even odd, but his legacy as Fed chair will be determined by how much of the Fed’s independence he is able to preserve,” Zandi added.

Ray Dalio


Ray Dalio, founder of Bridgewater Associates, speaks onstage while seated against a red backdrop.

Ray Dalio is the founder of hedge fund Bridgewater Associates.

Jemal Countess/Getty Images for TIME

Billionaire investor and Bridgewater Associates founder Ray Dalio wrote on X that Warsh was a “great choice” for Fed chair.

“We who have been engaged with policy makers and markets for a long time know him and respect him for his capabilities and his judgement,” Dalio said.

“He is knowledgeable and a reasonable man who understands the risks of having a Fed policy that is too easy as well as too tight and how to judge what’s too easy and what’s too tight,” he said, adding: “Presumably, he also knows how to deal with the president and the Treasury well.”




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Bryan Metzger

The Jerome Powell-sized problem standing in the way of Kevin Warsh’s Fed confirmation

President Donald Trump has a Jerome Powell-sized problem with installing Kevin Warsh as the new Fed chair.

A key Republican senator has vowed to oppose the confirmation of any nominee to be the next Federal Reserve chairman until the Department of Justice’s probe into Powell, the current chair, is resolved.

That senator — Thom Tillis of North Carolina — happens to sit on the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee, which considers Fed chair nominations. If all Democrats join Tillis in opposing Warsh’s confirmation, Warsh’s nomination will effectively be stuck in committee.

In a post on X on Friday, Tillis made clear that he has nothing against Warsh, who has otherwise been lauded as a strong pick by both Republicans and economists.

“Kevin Warsh is a qualified nominee with a deep understanding of monetary policy,” Tillis wrote, later adding: “Protecting the independence of the Federal Reserve from political interference or legal intimidation is non-negotiable.”

Earlier this month, Powell revealed that the DOJ issued grand jury subpoenas to the Federal Reserve related to recent renovations at the building.

Powell called the probe an effort to exert pressure on the central bank’s monetary policy, and central bankers from around the world have rallied to Powell’s defense.

Trump has said that he had no knowledge of the subpoenas before Powell made them public.

In a statement, White House spokesman Kush Desai said that Warsh is “eminently qualified to serve” as the next Fed chair and that the White House “looks forward to working with the Senate to quickly confirm him and get the Federal Reserve back on track.”

Trump appeared unmoved by Tillis’s opposition, telling reporters in the Oval Office later on Friday that it’s “too bad.”

He also suggested that Warsh’s confirmation may have to wait until Tillis is out of office. The North Carolina senator’s term ends in January 2027.

“If he doesn’t approve, we’ll just have to wait until somebody comes in that will approve it,” Trump said.

Why one senator has so much power

Under Senate rules, before the full chamber can vote on a nominee, it must be reported “favorably” by the committee with jurisdiction, which requires a majority vote.

Democrats are expected to broadly oppose Warsh’s confirmation, with many raising concerns about the independence of the Fed.

Sen. Elizabeth Warren, the top Democrat on the committee, said in a statement on Friday that “no Republican purporting to care about Fed independence should agree to move forward with this nomination” under the circumstances.

If Tillis and every Democrat vote against Warsh’s nomination, that leads to a deadlocked 12-12 committee vote.

It would take 60 votes in the Senate to bypass that committee vote and bring his nomination to the floor — an unlikely prospect, given that it requires Democratic support.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune has acknowledged the predicament. According to POLITICO, when asked on Thursday whether Warsh could be confirmed without Tillis’s support, Thune said: “Uh, probably not.”

Earlier this year, Tillis opted not to seek reelection, making it far more difficult for Trump to exert pressure on him to change his mind.




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Fed meeting updates: Powell to announce interest rates as DOJ probe looms

It’s the first Fed day of 2026, and Chair Jerome Powell is in the hot seat.

Central bank leaders will announce their January interest rate decision at 2 p.m. ET. The meeting follows weeks of political pressure from the Trump administration and a recently announced Department of Justice probe.

Business Insider will be covering projections from economists, the Fed decision, and market moves all day. Check back here for updates.




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Trump attacks Powell again as opposition to Fed investigation grows

President Donald Trump isn’t backing down from his criticism of Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, even as an increasing number of fellow Republicans express a desire to cool tensions.

“Well, he’s billions of dollars over budget,” Trump told reporters at the White House Tuesday morning before departing for a trip to Michigan. “So, he’s either incompetent or he’s crooked. I don’t know what he is, but he certainly doesn’t do a very good job.”

On Sunday, Powell released an extraordinary video statement, confirming that he is under a criminal investigation for testimony he gave before Congress about renovations to the Fed’s headquarters. Powell said that the probe was being conducted in retaliation for his repeated defiance of Trump’s wishes regarding the independent central bank’s setting of interest rates.

“The threat of criminal charges is a consequence of the Federal Reserve setting interest rates based on our best assessment of what will serve the public, rather than following the preferences of the President,” Powell said in a nearly two-minute video released by the Fed.

Powell and the Fed have repeatedly denied that there is anything untoward about the cost overruns for the $2.5 billion renovations. In July, Powell accompanied Trump on a tour of the site where the pair sparred in front of reporters about the project.

“You just added in a third building is what that is,” Powell said in July after Trump cited a figure that was higher than other estimates. “It was built five years ago.”

An FAQ on the Fed’s website said the project has been costlier than expected due to a number of factors, including changes to the design, a larger-than-expected amount of asbestos, and the increase in the cost of materials.

Trump told NBC News he had no knowledge of grand jury subpoenas being sent to the Fed. Amid a firestorm, US Attorney for the District of Columbia Jeanine Pirro said that the Justice Department had no alternative but to subpoena the information.

“The United States Attorney’s Office contacted the Federal Reserve on multiple occasions to discuss cost overruns and the chairman’s congressional testimony, but were ignored, necessitating the use of legal process—which is not a threat,” Pirro said in a statement posted on X on Monday night.

In 2017, Trump nominated Powell, who was already a member of the Fed’s Board of Governors, to lead the central bank. Since then, Trump has soured on Powell and at times has mused about firing the Fed chair, though legal experts have disputed whether any president would have the power to do so.

The criminal probe into Powell could prove costly for the White House. Powell’s term as chair is up in May. For months, Trump has conducted a public search for his replacement. In a closely-divided Senate, Trump cannot afford to lose Republican support for any potential nominee.

After Powell’s statement was released, Sen. Thom Tillis, a Republican from North Carolina, said he would not support any Trump nominee until the investigation “is fully resolved.” Tillis serves on the Senate Banking Committee, where Republicans hold a 13-11 majority. If Tillis remained opposed, the committee could deadlock — likely stalling the nomination or, at the very least, requiring Republicans to take the rare step of changing the chamber’s rules.

Beyond Tillis, a handful of other Republicans on Capitol Hill have also decried the criminal probe. All three living former Fed chairs, including Reagan appointee Alan Greenspan, have lined up behind Powell, as have the current leaders of central banks around the world.




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Powell says the Fed received DOJ subpoenas

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said the US central bank was served grand jury subpoenas on Friday from the Department of Justice that threatened criminal indictment.

In a statement on Sunday night, Powell said the subpoenas focused on his June testimony about renovations at historic Fed office buildings. The Fed chair said the subpoenas were the latest move in the Trump administration’s pressure campaign on the central bank to lower interest rates.

“No one — certainly not the chair of the Federal Reserve — is above the law,” Powell said. “But this unprecedented action should be seen in the broader context of the administration’s threats and ongoing pressure.”

He added: “This is about whether the Fed will be able to continue to set interest rates based on evidence and economic conditions—or whether instead monetary policy will be directed by political pressure or intimidation.”

Powell also suggested that this latest threat won’t lead to his departure from his position, which President Donald Trump has repeatedly called for. Powell said he would continue to do his job.

The dollar and US stock futures fell on concerns about the Fed’s independence on Sunday. Gold, seen as a haven investment, rose as much as 2%.

The $2.5 billion planned headquarters renovations have become a major talking point for White House officials, who have accused Powell of overspending and breaking oversight laws.

In July, Trump said that Powell’s actions were “sort of” grounds for dismissal but later said he was “highly unlikely” to fire Powell, unless it was for “fraud.” Powell has defended the renovations.

Trump has urged the Federal Reserve — an independent government agency — to lower interest rates as part of his plan to spur the American economy.

In its December meeting, the Fed cut rates to a range of 3.5%—3.75%, following similar reductions in September and October. After the meeting, Trump called Fed Chair Jerome Powell “a stiff” who approved a “rather small” cut and said the cut could have been “at least doubled.”

The president has also targeted Lisa Cook, a Fed governor. In August, he asked her to resign immediately due to allegations that Cook had committed illicit activity related to two mortgage loans. In September, a federal judge ruled that Cook can keep her job at the central bank for now.

The DOJ did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The White House referred Business Insider to the DOJ.




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Fed meeting updates: Federal Reserve to decide on interest rate cut at final 2025 meeting

Fed leaders have kept monetary policy moderately restrictive in recent months, holding rates steady until September before introducing two quarter-point cuts.

Chair Jerome Powell said in the last meeting that a rate change in December is “not a foregone conclusion, far from it” and “policy is not on a preset course,” though on Wednesday morning, CME FedWatch is showing a roughly 90% chance of another quarter-point reduction.

Fed leaders have kept monetary policy moderately restrictive in recent months, holding rates steady until September before introducing two quarter-point cuts.

Chair Jerome Powell said in the last meeting that a rate change in December is “not a foregone conclusion, far from it” and “policy is not on a preset course,” though on Wednesday morning, CME FedWatch is showing a roughly 90% chance of another quarter-point reduction.

Investors and consumers are hopeful for more cuts. Americans could see more affordable mortgage, auto, and credit card rates in the new year, and businesses would be able to borrow money more easily — a move that could juice the sluggish job market.




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